Thursday, January 23, 2020
Incompetent Job Performance In Public Service Essay -- Work Employment
Incompetent Job Performance In Public Service Historically public employees have been viewed by the general public as being overpaid, inefficient, ineffective and unresponsive to the needs of the public. The news mediaââ¬â¢s constant reporting of scandals, financial misappropriations and unethical behavior in the public service further substantiate the growing lack of confidence the public has in the competence of public service organizations. In 1989 the National Commission on the Public Service, the Volcker Commission, reported that the need for competence and trustworthiness in public service was steadily growing not diminishing. (Nigro, 9) The goal of the Volcker Commission was to identify the necessary changes to personnel policies and practices that would counteract the increasing public lack of confidence in the ability of public service organizations to satisfy public demands. Many local governments that experienced the budget cuts, fiscal restraints and organizational turmoil of the 1990ââ¬â¢s have determined that to enhance their competence, gain public trust and to avoid future financial difficulties, it is imperative that the staff of public service organizations become more professional, better trained and responsive to public needs. Managers in public service organizations have a vitally important role in the effort to create competence and gain public trust. Traditionally, the job of a manager has been defined as one who keeps things going in an organization. Generally the focus of a manager is on monitoring, directing and refining the current performance of the organization. (Whetten, 14) A manager gets things done through people. Leaders are those who establish the vision and set the direction of t... ...ers, Inc., 1996 5. Nigro, Lloyd G., Felix A. Nigro. The New Public Personnel Administration. Itasca, Illinois: F. E. Peacock Publishers, Inc., 1994 6. Scott, Michael P. ââ¬Å"7 PITFALLS for MANAGERS WHEN HANDLING POOR PERFORMERS and HOW TO OVERCOME THEMâ⬠February 2000 Online. Available: http://web5.infotrac-college.com/wadsworth 7. Segal, Jonathan A. ââ¬Å"Performance Management For Jekyll and Hydeâ⬠February 1999 Published in HR Magazine, Legal Trends. Online. Available: http://www.wolfblock.com 8. Vaughan, Susan. ââ¬Å"Rethinking Employee Evaluationsâ⬠Los Angeles Times, 8 April 2001 Work Place, Part W, Page 1 9. Whetten, David A., Kim S. Cameron. Developing Management Skills, 4th ed. New York: Addison-Wesley Inc., 1998
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
And of Clay Are We Created by Isabelle Allende
When assigned to read the short stories in class to summarize and learn to paraphrase, there was one story in particular that emotionally touched me. This short story was ââ¬Å"And of Clay Are We Createdâ⬠by Isabell Allende. I found many great points that could be discussed about the story, and that is why I chose it to be a part of this research paper. This story is a touching momentum of a man's penetrating awakening that he no longer has to suffer from the emotional torment that was inflicted upon him during is childhood.Rolf, ââ¬Å"like a flower sinking into the mudâ⬠(367) has sank into himself; a self that is magnetized with cataclysmic devastation and desolation. The volcano has erupted to bring an avalanche of despair, so does this same volcano explode, bursting to eventually bring calm and equanimity. Isabell Allende has Rolf Carle, a news reporter fly out to the devastating scene where you are introduced to Azucena, a young girl, stuck in the mud. Rolfe Carle s tays with Azucena in hopes of saving her from this catastrophe but in the meantime, he Journeys through his repressed hildhood memories.It is important to investigate repressed memories so you could courageously move forward to live a fuller life, instead of blocking these memories and living in the past. This paper will slightly take you through Rolf Carle's emotions, the effects these memories can have, and how to overcome them. I found it ironic how Rolf Carle is close to many people's histories when investigating the incident being a reporter but he is so distant with his own and we see this when he is telling his stories to Azucena.Rolf connected with Azucena at a level of xperience, whether it was physical or emotional, they became one and shared things with each other, some things being on a different level. This connection occurred because Rolf saw himself like Azucena ââ¬Å"trapped in a pit without escape, buried in life, his head barely above groundâ⬠(Allende, 363). It is apparent that Rolf, like the buried and trapped girl, has submerged his own suppressed and hidden visceral terror; terror concealed from reality, that when it is unearthed, it is ââ¬Å"intact and precise as if it had lain always in his mind, waitingâ⬠(Allende, 362).Like the eceased relatives who weigh down Azucena by clinging on her legs, so too is Rolf weighed down, incapacitated and paralyzed by the hauntingly vivid repressed memories. Rolf seemed to be trapped in pain as Azucena was in the mud, and confronting the thoughts of the girl dying was tough. Azucena taught him to pray, and eventhough it might have been consolation for herself, she later provides support for Rolfe when he was suffering through his past memories. This moment with Azucena, showed Rolf shame, fear, and regret.Rolfs emotional break down, as displayed with Azucena, esulted in him rising above the vultures and helicoptersâ⬠¦ [flying] above the vast swamp and corruptionâ⬠(366). The quest ion of importance and focus is not how this took place. In other words, it is not the line of successive actions and conversations, told and untold, that led to his decisive moment of freedom that is important. It is the cognitive and emotional process of a child who has been abused and chooses to either suppress or repression those traumatic painful memories.Indeed Rolf goes through a transformative change. But for 30 years he has ââ¬Å"livedâ⬠or hoose to forget certain events that took place in his life. The reader is never told in full detail the abuse that was inflicted upon Rolf. We are given the illusion of a being beat with a belt then put in a closet. Such a painful event indeed was resulted in the present moment of physical pain, as well as, the present and future psychological damage done to Rolf, not mentioning the effects that it had on his sister.We are reminded time and again by survivors of abuse that emotional abuse is far worse because ââ¬Å"the body is mean t for recovering and healing physical wounds, the vidence is in scars, but the mind has a difficult time reacting to emotional abuse because it is counterproductive and counter intuitive in an unhealthy and unnatural way' (abused victim who chooses to remain anonymous). When dealing with painful events, especially when occurring during childhood, a child often times chooses to either repress or suppress the memories hoping that he or she will never have to relive that moment. A repressed memory, according to some theories of psychology, is a memory (often of a traumatic nature) of an event or environment, which is stored by the unconscious mind but outside the awareness of he conscious mindâ⬠(pyshowiki), whereas, suppressed memories are those memories that are forgotten by choice. The question now becomes did Rolfs unconscious mind repress the memory or was it by choice that he suppressed his childhood experience?The answer first comes with an understanding that ââ¬Å"memorie s stay in the brain for lifeâ⬠(Martin Dak). It is important to understand that ââ¬Å"repressed memories do not disappearâ⬠(changingminds. org). ââ¬Å"We can only bury memories for so long before they resurfaceâ⬠(Effect on the Mind). A person tends to ââ¬Å"forget memoriesâ⬠because the fear f facing reality has invaded his or her life and he or she no longer has the fortitude to properly be engaged in the present moment.Like an earthquake that shatters glass into millions of pieces and demolishes massive infrastructures into complete and utter ruin; so too can the effects of repressed memories play in a person's life. If repressed memories are not received, accepted, and properly discussed, a lifetime of tortured reality can unfold in a person's life. We don't have to look any farther than the 30 years of life that Rolf lived. The reader is never given a glimpse into his life after the abuse. We are told he has a relationship with a girl and that he is a re porter.Only with extremely caution, lest we stereotype that all reporters and to conclude that his Job does keep him moving from one situation to the next, avoiding having to ever think about his own issues and life. People that have repressed memories could possibly have disorders like post- traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. ââ¬Å"Dwelling on such emotionsâ⬠¦ is overwhelmed by extreme mental trauma (Novella). One could also experience traumatic amnesia, ââ¬Å"this involves the loss of memories of traumatic experiencesâ⬠(Kolk).
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
A Day That Changed My Life Forever - 1297 Words
December 5, 2005 will be a day that changed my life forever. This day would be a day that would bring me many friends, nightmares, experiences, and the responsibility I would never have thought I would have. The struggles, achievements and situations in which I would find myself in do not come to just any normal person with an ordinary job. On this day I enlisted to join the United States Army. ARMY I had just started my freshman year at Northern Michigan University. It was a local college in my hometown. I was young, dumb, and reckless without a care in the world. I had no idea what I wanted to major in yet. My mentality for the last 18 years had been ââ¬Å"I will figure it out as I get thereâ⬠. This exact same mind set carried over as far as my obligation to pay for school, so as the semester came to an end, I found myself more in debt than I would like to be and with no means of being able to get out of it with my current situation I found myself in. On December 5, 2005 I walked over to the Army recruiter office and enlisted into the United States Army as an Infantryman. Before long I was visiting multiple doctors, filling out numerous papers, and taking an unwanted amount of shots. From the very start of my enlistment, once I stepped foot off the cattle truck it was the hardest thing I have ever done in my life. I was climbing towers and ropes higher then I had ever wanted to. Operating weapon systems that I had only seen in movies and on TV. The days ofShow MoreRelatedThe Day That Changed My Life Forever1371 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Day That Changed My Life Forever It was a bone chilling January night; my mom received a call at about 11:15 PM, a call that changed my life forever. My Aunt June was on the other line. She was crying so hard my mother could barely understand her. Through the sobbing my mom finally understood that Brian, my cousin, had been in a horrible accident and she didnââ¬â¢t know how bad it was. 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Hallââ¬â¢s theme showed that once a person has a child, the parentââ¬â¢s life is completely changed. ââ¬Å"My Son, My Executionerâ⬠is a very well written poem with a deep, true meaning that readers could relateRead MoreMy Childhood836 Words à |à 4 PagesMy childhood has greatly impacted who I am today because of the influences in my life. It has truly showed me a different incite on life. It has showed me what to expect and what path you can choose to go down in life to truly mess your life up. It showed me the good the negligent and struggles you can go through in such a short amount of time. For me the main three things that tremendously affected me would have to be divorce, dru gs and death and they still tend to affect me till this day. You mayRead MoreIt Was A Cold, Muggy August Morning Essay880 Words à |à 4 Pagesback home from spending Christmas with my dad in Wichita. My dad and his fiancà © had come down to Topeka that night, as well, to spend time with his mother for Christmas. 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The museum is a place of amazing transformation that offers a uniqueRead MoreMy Perspective On My Life785 Words à |à 4 PagesMy mom always says ââ¬Å"Amigos son un peso en el bolsilloâ⬠In other words, friends are there one day and gone by the other, just like money. Moreover, the English equivalent is ââ¬Ëfair weather friendsââ¬â¢. I have to admit that I did not always agree with my mother. However, at the time I moved from Puerto Rico to Texas my perspective on friendships changed. There may be some people who believe that friends are forever, but, because of my past experience that has led me to believe that real friends do not
Monday, December 30, 2019
Green Marketing - 898 Words
There are seven key green marketing principles that will help green companies sustain. Why are green marketing principles so important? There are several reasons. One of them being that businesses can avoid accusations of greenwashing which is a term meaning to promote a companys products deceptively. Another reason is that ethically it is the right thing to do. Businesses should be promoting green and protecting and preserving the environments resources because we all use them. Finally, companies appreciate the reputation of a green company and may attract more business. The seven key marketing principles are responsibilities of the business, the social and economic impact of a business, business behavior, respect for rules, support forâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Starbucks, as well as other companies like Bank of America and General Electric, are making large strides in becoming green. If a company is capable, it should be taken advantage of. Companies who recycle and evaporate to name a couple of waste reduction activities should become the norm in doing their part of preserving the environment. Furthermore, cutting down waste and recycling often cuts down operating costs and benefits the company and the community. Avoidance of Illicit operations is one of the most challenging principles in business. The reason is; it is so easy to make immoral and unethical decisions. Rather it is taking bribes or evading taxes; it is common in business practices. For example, people are still using Enron as a perfect of example of unethical and immoral business practices with their accounting fraud, hiding debt, and trading millions of dollars in stock while pocketing the revenues. While raising awareness of avoiding illicit operations is important, it still happens on a regular basis. Green Marketing principles are important because it allows companies to satisfy the expectations of customers, shareholders, and their community. Furthermore, because of what Enron has do ne, customers and communities and place higher expectations on businesses to do the right thing. Also, being a green company is different than normal or traditional business. They have to practice what they preach and maintain throughout the longevity of theShow MoreRelatedGreen Marketing764 Words à |à 4 PagesGreen marketing can be defined as promotional strategy designed to promote product or services based on environmental factors or awareness. Green marketing is different from the ââ¬Å"marketing.â⬠Organisation involved in green marketing take decisions relating to the systems, policies and processes of the organisation`s products (Brueckner 2010). In simple words, green marketing promote sustainable consumption. 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This study emphasises that ââ¬Å"Proactive green marketersâ⬠adopting a free market system in their values are the most genuine group in implementing green marketing voluntarily and seeking competitive advantage through environmental friendliness. The study further delves in to the green consumer segmentRead MoreMarketing Strategy For Green Marketing915 Words à |à 4 Pages Marketing is not only about advertising, but it also covers the firm objectives and goal since the beginning before the product launched until the product is delivered to the customers. In addition, social marketing has become an essential consideration in a marketing perspective, as consumers are increasingly concerned about the environment, they tend to favor green brands and the environmental practices of the firm. 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Accordingly green promoting consolidates an expansive scope of exercises, including bundling changes, changes to the generation process, item adjustment and in addition changing or altering publicizing. Almost all the governing institutes and regimes around the world have concerned about green marketing activities that they have endeavored to regulate them. ForRead MoreGreen Marketing Essay1966 Words à |à 8 PagesGreen Marketing There is a student walking on the street on a chilly and raining night. She feels like to hold a cup of hot coffee in her hands to fight the chilliness. She walks directly toward Starbucks whenever an advertisement comes up to her mind. The advertisement says that the customers who bring their own cups will save ten dollars per cup at Starbucks. After a while, she holds a cup of coffee with satisfaction since she not only saved money but also did something good for the environment
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Network Security Is The Procedure Of Computer Or Any...
Network security is the procedure of preventing and identifying unsanctioned use of your computer or any computer on your network. Preventative measures allow you to stop unauthorized users, also known as intruders or ââ¬Å"hackers,â⬠from accessing your computer system. Detection helps establish whether or not someone has attempted to break into your system, if they were successful, and what they may have done . The Internet has grown to give us the ability to shop, pay bills, and create online profiles hence, people and businesses need to make the proper steps to secure their network. And while you may not consider your communications to be particularly interesting or confidential, its likely that you do not want strangers reading yourâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Furthermore, researchers have developed some newer methods, such as protocol normalization and distributed firewalls but they have yet to be widely adopted . In addition, because selective data must be able to pass in and out of a firewall in order for the protected network useful, every attack cannot be stopped by firewalls. Particular emerging technologies, such as Virtual Private Networks and peer-to-peer networking pose more modern challenges for firewalls . Like firewalls, if you put intrusion detectors in place as a preventative measure you could be saving your network from security meltdown. Intrusion detection is when you monitor the happenings of a network itself and investigate possible incidents or impending threats of computer security policies or acceptable use policies. After you put intrusion detection and prevention systems in place, it mainly focuses on recognizing likely incidents, recording data regarding them, remediation, and reporting them to security administrators. The remediation process use several response techniques, which involve the IDPSs hindering the attack itself, altering the security environment (e.g., reconfiguring a firewall), or modifying the attackââ¬â¢s content . Furthermore, organizations use intrusion detection for additional purposes, such as looking for holes in security policies, documenting current threats, and discouraging other individuals from
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Iphone Micro Environment Free Essays
Micro-environmental factors such as customers are essential in determining the success of marketing especially when the needs of the clients are satisfied. Similarly, the contribution of employees to the company is fundamental in production of high quality products which are highly marketable (Apple, Inc. 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Iphone Micro Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The media is an equally crucial factor of the micro-environment because any information which originates from the media either positive or negative can adversely affect the sales of the iPhones. Macro-environmental factors include worldwide change in technological perspectives of the digital world as well as evolution of more sophisticated software. This attributes creates an edge for Apple iPhones hence increasing their demand in the global market. The global problems such as the recent financial crisis which hit the whole global market contribute negatively towards the marketing of products (Apple, Inc. 2008). SWOT analysis SWOT analysis involves seeking to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are within the vicinity of the firms reach. Strengths include qualities which may be possessed by the iPhone and not present in other similar models which are in the market. Similarly, strength may be ability of a brand to meet the needs of a particular age bracket thus placing it on top of the others (Linzmayer, 1999). [pic] Weaknesses are negative attributes especially contributed by the micro-environmental factors such as poor publicity. Such a weakness may lead to collapsing of the brand especially when urgent measures are not undertaken to counteract it (Blokdijk, 2008). [pic] Opportunities involve taking advantage of the weakness portrayed by competitors and ensuring that the brand attains higher recognition. During the low season for competitors in addition to ensuring that the firm takes note of the activities and in case of any chance of failure to make a breakthrough (Apple Inc. 2010). [pic] Threats are negative aspects which dampen the occurrence of any successful strategies. Negative aspects which hinder the achievement of certain goals are referred as threats as they interfere with execution of the firmââ¬â¢s productivity. SWOT analysis à |Appleââ¬â¢s iPhone |Samsung |Nokia | |Strength |Unique features of product |Presence of a wide variety ofà |Reputation in the market | | | |products | | |Weakness |Position of moisture sensors on Shortage of distributors in the |Presence of counterfeits bearing| | |the iPhone hence it easily |local market level. almost similar names. | | |exposed to moisture. | | | |Opportunity |Increased taste of customers |Well established international |Easy recognition of the brand as| | |requiring customized products. |niche thus increasing the |it has been in the market for | | | |international sales of its |quite some time. | | |products. | | |Threat |More competitors dealing with |The wide ranges of products in |Counterfeits being sold at | | |iProducts in addition to |the market tend to limit |cheaper prices than the original| | |increased availability of the |consumer loyalty as they cannot |products hence consumers tend to| | |internet at lower prices. recall the name and use of the |reject the real Nokia products. | | | |various products. | | How to cite Iphone Micro Environment, Papers
Thursday, December 5, 2019
An Analysis of Crowdfunding
Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Crowdfunding. Answer: Introduction: Often it is seen that a person has a great idea but lacks the funds to work on such idea. Such person has no means of attaining the capital required for implantation of the idea. Mere monetary insufficiency should not come in the way of an idea. And to solve this very problem, the concept of Crowdfunding was born. In the following segments, various aspects relating to Crowdfunding have been explained. Crowdfunding is the medium of raising monetary contributions from the general public for funding (Lipton, Herzberg Welsh, 2016) a venture or a project. The general public can include friends, family, consumers or potential investors. Crowdfunding is a collective approach of efforts of a large number of people and the primary source of such funding is online through social media (Young, 2013). There are various Crowdfunding platforms for raising monetary contributions. Such people leverage their network to increase the reach and exposure of Crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a rising trend for raising capital (Laemmermann, 2012). One of the most difficult parts of any business is acquisition of capital, to either start it or to grow it. Banks loans are readily available but are not practical for small or new businesses. The reason behind loans not being practical for such businesses is the lack of significant collateral or established cash flow. Further, a loan application takes a lot of time and efforts and even then an approval is not guaranteed. Crowdfunding provides a wider investor pool and various flexible fundraising options. Through the medium of Crowdfunding, capital is raised for entrepreneurial undertakings, creative and artistic plans and even for not for profit and society oriented social entrepreneurship projects. By raising capital through the medium of Crowdfunding, many startups have skyrocketed, which in absence of funds, would have just been dreamy ventures (Cunningham, 2012). Crowdfunding helps the startups to attain venture capital from several sources over the internet and helps to bridge the gap among undersized and outsized organizations that are at the early stages of developing their businesses. There are various ways to raise capital through Crowdfunding (Freedman Nutting, 2015). It can be a Rewards based Crowdfunding; or a Donation based Crowdfunding; or an Equity based Crowdfunding. As the name suggests, a Rewards based Crowdfunding involves a persons capital to be contributed towards the business in exchange for a reward. This reward can be in the form of products or services offered by the company. This method of Crowdfunding lets the business owners reward their contributor without actually selling any ownership stake or incurring much extra expense (Dresner, 2014). A Donation based Crowdfunding is the communal endeavor of different people for some benevolent reasons. For example, by organizing a civic Crowdfunding, a Donation based Crowdfunding is established as the results of a civic Crowdfunding would be used o improve the public space (Bottiglia Pichler, 2016). An Equity based Crowdfunding permits its contributors to be part owners of the organization by offering them equity shares in return for such contributions. By becoming the equity owners in a company, the contributors attain economic return on their investment and in due course obtain a part of the profits in the manner of dividend or distribution (Australian Government, 2014). An investor has to be vigilant before investing in any Crowdfunding. An investor has to understand the rights they have and need to check the terms of such funding to ensure that the money invested by them would be returned if the start up cancels the project. An investor has to research about the Crowdfunding platform. Lastly, it has to be kept in mind that such projects are experimental in nature and are just prototypes. To establish a successful Crowdfunding campaign, certain factors are to be kept in mind. An enthusiastic group of friends and family is essential who are willing to become the contributors and urge others to become contributors to the fund. A clear and precise business plan is a pre-requisite for such a campaign. And most importantly, the ability to answer any question of the probable contributors makes the whole Crowdfunding campaign a success. The highest reported Crowdfunding till date was for the project Star Citizen (Crawley, 2015). Star Citizen is an online space trading and combat video game which is being developed by Chris Roberts and Cloud Imperium Games. In October 2012, the developers of this began a Crowdfunding campaign on the games website by means of IgnitionDeck which is a Crowdfunding plugin for WordPress. After about just a week into the Crowdfunding crusade, they began raising funds through Kickstarter campaign. Their initial targets of funding were quickly achieved. After that, the developers added new-related goals to the funding campaign to expand the targets of Crowdfunding. The date of the campaign was also extended by ten days to match the end date of Kickstarter and to further raise capital. Just two before the campaign was set to close; the game attained a record of utmost crowdfunded game project with over US $4.2 million. By the end of initial Crowdfund campaign, a total of US $6.2 million had b een raised. Funding was continued even after the end of initial campaign. By mid 2013, Star Citizen became the utmost funded Crowdfunding venture anywhere, by raising a total of US $15 million. Till date, Star Citizen has raised over US $100 million through Crowdfunding and is the best example of a successful commercial Crowdfunding. Not only commercial but social Crowdfunding campaigns are also quite successful. A Crowdfunding campaign for An Hour of Code for Every Student was started through the platform of Indiegogo with the object of raising UD $5 million (Indiegogo, 2015). On December 15, 2014, the end date of this campaign, a total of US $5024281 was raised and the campaign was declared successful. The objective of this campaign stated that each student in each school must get the opportunity to study computer science. So, even social campaigns find success through the medium of Crowdfunding. Even with the growing popularity of crowd sourced funding across the globe; Australia has been slow in recognizing and adapting to this global phenomenon. The Australian regulatory bodies like ASIC (Australian Securities and Investments Commission) have moved to affect the existing regulatory frameworks to Crowdfunding. In 2012, ASIC (Schulz Mollica, 2015) issued various guidelines which contained various factors. These factors included the sort of reward offered to contributors and the manner of platform to be used. Such schemes have been classified as either an administered investment plan or fundraising, as per Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). But the reforms of ASIC are not enough. The equity based Crowdfunding has been emerging as a winner as a means of raising capital. In December 2015, Minister for Small Business and the Assistant Treasurer, Kelly ODwyer, brought in the legislation containing the governments anticipated crowd-sourced equity funding framework, in the Federal Parliament (Farrar, 2016). The legislation has been designed to provide for online fundraising from those people who make economic contributions to an organization in return for an equity stake in the organization. The Corporations Amendment (Crowd-sourced Funding) Bill 2015 (Bill) looks forward to amend theCorporations Act 2001(Cth). Through this Bill, a framework has to be established to assist crowed-sourced funding offers by small unlisted companies. Further, this Bill provides temporary relief to new public companies which are qualified to crowd fund. This Bill also provides temporary relief to such new public companies from the applicable corporate government requirements (Bull and New, 2016). This Bill also gives the Minister a power to provide exemption, to a few financial market and clearing and settlement facility operators, from some specific segments of the Australian market License and clearing and settlement facility licensing regimes. This Bill also seeks to make substantial modifications to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act, 2001. Keeping in view the earlier suggestions of Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee (CAMAC), the Bill creates some basic rules for Crowdfunding. The Bill states that Crowdfunding will be available for only such unlisted companies who have assets worth less than $5 million and have an annual turnover of less than $5 million (Kollmorgen, 2016). An investment cap has been prescribed as per which, an investor can contribute up to an amount of $10,000 for a period of 12 months (The Treasury, 2015). This Bill provides a protection in the form of a five day cooling off period, during which they can reclaim the invested amount, in case they have second thoughts about such investment. The CAMAC recommendations which have been included in this Bill relate to the cooling off period and the investment cap (Australian Government, 2014). Developed countries around the globe such as United States, Italy and New Zealand have recognized the global phenomenon of Crowdfunding as a source of raising capital. In United States alone, Venture Expert identified all seed level VC funding rounds in high technology (Excluding biotechnology) from March 2009 through July 2012 (Mollick and Robb, 2016). Crowdfunding complements the traditional sources of finance, debt and equity, in a genuine manner. These countries have been very active in developing and implementing laws to regulate crowd-sourced funding. A comprehensive Crowd-sourced equity funding(CSEF) scheme was introduced in New Zealand in mid-2014 and has been quite significant as a reference in the Australian debate on Crowdfunding (LegalVision, 2016). As per the New Zealand scheme, all incorporated entities can raise capital through CSEF. The amount which can be raised by an issuer through CSEF has been capped for a period of 12 months for an amount of NZ $2 million. But this capped limit does not include the contributions made by wholesale investors. Further, a risk acknowledgement statement has to be signed by the investors as per this scheme. On December 01, 2014 the Financial Markets Conduct Act2013(NZ) (FMC Act) and theFinancial Markets Conduct Regulations2014(NZ) (FMC Regulations) came into force, to enable the Crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending services. As per Part 6 of the FMC Act, states three key regulations for laying emphasis on the benefits of Crowdfunding. These include, licensing Crowdfunding service provide rs; setting out disclosure requirements to safeguard the startups and the investors; and providing standards and suitable systems to make certain that there is a limit for a 12 month period for an amount not more than NZ $2 million. The legislative framework of New Zealand has been used to frame the Australian Crowdfunding Bill. Both CAMAC and New Zealand models restrict the amount that a company can raise through Crowdfunding to $2 million for a period of 12 months. Though both the models exclude any funds raised under specific preexisting disclosure exemptions from this investment cap. New Zealands Crowdfunding rules do not necessitate the investors to issue a prospectus of to abide by considerable scrutiny from regulators. Also, there is no cap over the sum that a single investor can invest. So the New Zealand model of Crowdfunding regulations is much more attractive as against the Bill and CAMACs plan as there is no limit for an individual investor. But if the Australian regulations and legislation mirror the New Zealands, it might result in the convergence of both the countries Crowdfunding markets.It is quite clear from the above discussions that Australias current approach towards Crowdfunding has room fo r improvement. Attempts are being made regularly by the Australian Government to understand and respond to the regulatory shortcomings in a better way. The Bill highlights the potential of a successful regulation for Crowdfunding but still, a need for more clarity in the matter of regulations for issuers, intermediaries and investors is needed. To conclude, it would not be wrong to say that Crowdfunding is a hot selling item in the market (Lennon, 2014). Every other startup and even large organizations, for that matter, are raising capital from this source. These organizations prefer Crowdfunding as the source because of the absence of unnecessary hassles. And also, to escape from the high interests charged by banks and financial institutes against the loans, this method is preferred. The sudden boom has given birth to regulatory framework, which have been, till now, unable to catch up with the speed of Crowdfunding industry. But with the latest amendments and the Bill, this shortfall would be dealt with. References Australian Government. Corporation and Markets Advisory Committee (2014) Crows sourced equity funding. May 2014 Bottiglia, R., Pichler, F. (2016) Crowdfunding for SMEs: A Eurpean Perspective. Germany: Springer, p 17 Bull, J., and New, H. (2016) New equity crowd-source funding (CSF) legislation. Corporate Law Bulletin, pp 7-9 Crawley, D. (2015) Star Citizen Crowdfunding passes $100M mark with over 1Mbackers. [Online] VentureBeat. Available from: https://venturebeat.com/2015/12/14/star-citizen-crowdfunding-passes-100m-mark-with-over-1m-backers/ [Accessed 03/09/2016] Cunningham, W.M. (2012) The JOBS Act:Crowdfunding for Small Businesses and Startups. New York: Apress p 21. Dresner, S. (2014) Crowdfunding:A Guide to Raising Capital on the Internet. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Farrar, A. (2016) Crowdfunding in Australia. PKF, 17th Mar. Available from: https://www.pkf.com.au/Media/PKF-Lawler-Blog/2016/March/Crowdfunding-legislation [Accessed 03/09/2016] Freedman, D.M., Nutting, M.R. (2015) A Brief History of Crowdfunding. [Online] Freedman and Nutting. Available from: https://www.freedman-chicago.com/ec4i/History-of-Crowdfunding.pdf [Accessed 03/09/2016] Indiegogo (2015) An Hour of Code for Every Student. [Online] Indiegogo. Available from: https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/an-hour-of-code-for-every-student#/ [Accessed 03/09/2016] Kollmorgen, A. (2016) Are Crowdfunding sites the real winners?. Choice, 15th Feb. Available from: https://www.choice.com.au/money/financial-planning-and-investing/stock-market-investing/articles/crowdfunding-risks-and-rewards [Accessed 03/09/2016] Laemmermann, K. (2012) Crowdfunding. Epubli, P 9LegalVision (2016) What you need to know about Crowdfunding in 2016. [Online] LegalVision. Available from: https://legalvision.com.au/what-you-need-to-know-about-crowdfunding-in-2016/ [Accessed 03/09/2016] Lennon, P. (2014) The Crowdfunding Book:A How-To Book for Entrepreneurs, Writers, and Inventors. Virginia: Author Incubator Lipton, P., Herzberg, A., Welsh, M. (2016) Understanding Company Law. 18th ed. Australia: Thomson Reuters. Mollick, E., and Robb, A. (2016) Democratizing Innovation and Capital Access: The Role Of Crowdfunding. California Management Review, 58(2), p Schulz, L., Mollica, D. (2015) The regulation of Crowdfunding in Austrralia: where are we and whats to come?. [Online] Minter Ellison. Available from: https://m.minterellison.com/files/Uploads/Documents/Publications/Articles/Aus-banking-and-finance-law-bulletin_leigh-schulz-anddomenic-mollica_aug2015.pdf [Accessed 03/09/2016] The Treasury (2015) Facilitating crowd-sourced equity funding and reducing compliance costs for small businesses. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.treasury.gov.au/~/media/Treasury/Consultations%20and%20Reviews/Consultations/2015/Crowd-sourced%20equity%20funding/Key%20Documents/PDF/Crowd-sourced-equity-funding.ashx [Accessed 03/09/2016] Young, T.E. (2013) The Everything Guide to Crowdfunding:Learn how to Use Social Media for Small-business Funding. Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media, p 14.
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